Introduction of piles (haemorrhoids)

By NHS Choices Last updated Apr 23, 2021 10

Haemorrhoids, also known as piles, are swellings that contain enlarged and swollen blood vessels in or around the rectum and anus.

In most cases, haemorrhoids are mild and some people do not experience any symptoms. In more severe cases, symptoms may include:

bleeding after passing a stool (the blood will be bright red)
a pile may move down, outside of the anus (prolapse) and may need to be pushed back after passing a stool
itchiness around the anus

Read more about the symptoms of haemorrhoids.

Haemorrhoids are sometimes caused by prolonged constipation. If you strain when you go to the toilet it can put pressure on the blood vessels in and around your anus, causing them to swell.

Things that increase the risk of piles include:

being overweight
being pregnant
being over 50 years of age

Read more about the causes of haemorrhoids.

Should I see my GP?

The symptoms of haemorrhoids often clear up on their own or treatment is available over-the-counter at pharmacies (see below). However, speak to your GP if your piles do not get better or if you experience pain or bleeding.

Haemorrhoids can be easily diagnosed by an internal examination of your back passage.

Read more about diagnosing haemorrhoids.

Treating piles

Haemorrhoid symptoms often settle down after a few days without treatment. However, creams and ointments are available to reduce any itching or discomfort.

Making lifestyle changes to keep your stools soft and regular is usually the first recommendation for treating piles.

Eating wholegrain bread and cereal and fruit and vegetables will increase fibre in your diet and you should also drink plenty of water.

If your haemorrhoid symptoms are severe, there are a number of treatment options available to remove them.

For example, banding is a procedure where a very tight elastic band is put around the base of the haemorrhoid to cut off its blood supply. The haemorrhoid should fall off within seven days.

Surgery is also sometimes recommended to treat large haemorrhoids.