HIV is a virus most commonly spread through unprotected sex or sharing contaminated needles. It’s essential if you have been in a situation where you could be at risk of contracting HIV that you get tested for the virus as soon as possible. While there is currently no cure for HIV, early diagnosis will enhance your chances of remaining healthy and having a normal life expectancy.
HIV stands for human immunodeficiency virus, a virus that attacks the immune system. Untreated, HIV will weaken your immunity against infections and disease. The final stage of HIV is Aids when your body is unable to fight any infection or disease at all.
An early test for HIV is important because while you may feel healthy and well, with no visible symptoms, the virus will be affecting your immune system. More worryingly, you will be able to pass the virus on to others if you do not take precautions.
Current estimates suggest that around 91,500 people in the UK are HIV positive with around 22,000 of those actually unaware that they have the infection, which is passed on through bodily fluids.
Once you have been given a positive diagnosis of HIV, your treatment begins immediately. Regular blood tests will reveal how your immune system is dealing with the infection – the virus attacks the cells known as CD4, which fight infection and so the CD4 count will tell your doctor how fast the disease is progressing. Treatment is administered via a cocktail of drugs designed to raise your CD4 count.
A late diagnosis of HIV, typically five to 10 years after you have contracted the virus, may mean that your immune system has already been so damaged that you are at risk of developing life-threatening conditions. Most of those who die from HIV have been diagnosed late so early diagnosis is crucial to your long-term health.
If you have been in a situation where you may be at risk of contracting HIV, you should get a test immediately. You can get an HIV test at various places, including your GP surgery, at sexual health clinics, genitourinary medicine (GUM) clinics or drug agencies. Pregnant woman can get a test at their antenatal clinic – if you are HIV positive, you can pass the virus on to your unborn child or to a newborn through breastfeeding.
You can protect yourself against HIV and other sexually-transmitted infections (STIs) by using a condom during sex.
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