In this day and age, you would think we’d have a handle on sexual wellness issues. However, in recent years, rates of gonorrhoea, chlamydia and syphilis in gay men have soared while new HIV infections have also reached record highs. This is according to official figures, so why are we dropping the ball on gay men’s sexual health? A leading expert has commented that this growing epidemic of sexually transmitted infections (STIs), which has been linked to a rise in unprotected sex and club drug use, represents “a crisis for gay men”, so what are we doing to tackle this crisis?
This week, health chiefs from around the UK will meet in London to look at the research and devise new strategies to tackle the problem, which has seen record highs in infection rates for several STIs. According to wellness writer Charlie Cooper, ‘Paradoxically, the rise of successful drug treatments for HIV has contributed to increased infection rates for other STIs. More men are having unprotected sex in the assumption that they no longer need to wear a condom to protect themselves from the virus, once considered a death sentence before the advent of effective anti-retroviral drugs. Other men are lowering their risk by ‘sero-sorting’, or ensuring partners have the same HIV status as them, but then having unprotected sex, risking the transmission of other infections.’
However, in the past five years a worrying new dimension has been added to the problem. Not only are more and more gay men having risky sex; a minority of gay men, particularly in London and other major cities, are taking up high risk sexual behaviour associated with the injection club drugs such as crystal meth. Infection rates of HIV itself have now reached an all-time high, rising to 3,250 new diagnoses in men who have sex with men the UK in 2012. Therefore, it’s not hard to see how David Stuart, substance use lead at the 56 Dean Street sexual health clinic, has come to the conclusion that the situation had reached crisis levels.
‘There’s been a flood of new drugs onto the market,’ says Stuart. ‘That has mixed with a lot of confusion about the changing HIV healthcare situation. Once upon a time the message was: “wear a condom and you’re safe”. Now if someone is taking their medicine it’s very hard to transmit the virus even if you don’t use a condom. Thirdly, there’s new technology – things like [gay networking site] Grindr and websites for hooking up online. There’s no training booklet for how to manage your sex life, your romantic life, using these apps.’
Cooper details, ‘There were 36,000 STI diagnoses in men who have sex with men in England alone in 2012, including 8,500 new cases of chlamydia, 10,800 for gonorrhoea and 2,100 cases of syphilis. Although improved testing and screening explains some of the rise, health experts agree that high risk behaviours have become much more common.’ Therefore, these experts will be gathering together on Friday at a meeting called by the British Association for Sexual Health and HIV (BASHH) to try to tackle these behaviours. Gwenda Hughes, head of STI surveillance, asserts that a new holistic approach was needed to address the crisis. ‘We need a much broader strategy to look at the sexual health of men who have sex with men, looking at contextual factors behind their poor sexual health,’ she notes. ‘We want to understand why people are having risky sex. The idea is to look at broader issues around mental health, wellbeing, discrimination and broader health issues in this population.’
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